History of Modern Philosophy WF-FI-N11-HF3

Knowledge (LECTURE):
FI1_W01: The student explains how the ideas of modern philosophy (e.g., rationalism, empiricism, autonomy of reason) shaped the foundations of modern intellectual culture, science, and social institutions.
FI1_W04: The student identifies the meaning of terms characteristic of 17th- and 18th-century philosophy and indicates their connections to specific positions, schools, and authors.
FI1_W05: The student presents the main trends in modern philosophy (e.g., Cartesianism, Enlightenment empiricism, transcendental idealism), characterizing their positions and historical development.
FI1_W06: The student identifies and analyzes advanced ideas and arguments of selected modern philosophers and applies methods of interpreting philosophical texts in working with source material. Knowledge (EXERCISES):
FI1_W01: The student explains how the ideas of modern philosophy (e.g., rationalism, empiricism, autonomy of reason) shaped the foundations of modern intellectual culture, science, and social institutions.
FI1_W04: The student identifies the meaning of terms characteristic of 17th- and 18th-century philosophy and identifies their connections with specific positions, schools, and authors.
FI1_W05: The student presents the main trends in modern philosophy (e.g., Cartesianism, Enlightenment empiricism, transcendental idealism), characterizing their positions and historical development.
FI1_W06: The student identifies and analyzes the advanced ideas and arguments of selected modern philosophers and applies methods of interpreting philosophical texts in working with source material.
FI1_W07: The student identifies the connections between cultural and political transformations (e.g., the Scientific Revolution, the Reformation, the Enlightenment) and the emergence and transformation of modern philosophical systems.

Skills (LECTURE and EXERCISES):
FI1_U04: The student analyzes key philosophical texts (e.g., "Meditations on First Philosophy," "Treatise on Human Nature"), identifying the main theses, premises, and their justification.
FI1_U10: The student analyzes key philosophical texts (e.g., "Meditations on First Philosophy," "Treatise on Human Nature"), identifying the main theses, premises, and their justification.

Competencies (EXERCISES):
FI1_K02: The student identifies and analyzes advanced ideas and arguments of selected modern philosophers and applies methods of interpreting philosophical texts when working with source material.
FI1_K05: The student demonstrates the influence of selected ideas from modern philosophy (e.g., freedom, reason, social contract) on the contemporary understanding of democratic values, state institutions, or science.

To be eligible to take the exam covering the lecture component of the course, students must first obtain a passing grade in the practical classes (tutorials). Students who have not passed the practical classes are not permitted to take the exam.

EXAM – FIRST SITTING: Knowledge and skills acquired during the course are assessed via a written exam covering material presented in lectures and found in the recommended literature. A maximum of 60 points can be earned in the first sitting. Exam format: a written exam featuring both closed-ended and open-ended questions; the latter require the analysis and reconstruction of philosophical concepts, as well as their comparison.

Exam structure:

Part A: Characterization of a philosophical concept (15 points). The student draws two questions from a pool regarding selected schools of thought and answers one of them.

Grading criteria:
- Accurate presentation of the concept (this criterion also evaluates the quality of definitions for key terms) (0–5 points)
- Reconstruction of arguments and key assumptions (0–5 points)
- Historical context and influences (0–5 points)

Part B: Comparative or problem-based analysis (15 points). The student draws two questions from a pool regarding selected comparisons and answers one of them. Assessment criteria:
- Knowledge of the positions discussed (this criterion evaluates the quality of definitions for key terms) (0–5 points)
- Quality of comparative/problem-based analysis (0–5 points)
- Identification of influences and significance (0–5 points)

Part C: Multiple-choice questions (closed-ended) regarding theories, authors, and key terms (30 points). 30 questions with 4 answer choices each, only one of which is correct.

Exam duration: 90 minutes (1.5 hours)

The following grading scale applies to the written exam:
- 55–60 points (91–100%) – Very Good (5.0)
- 49–54 points (81–90%) – Good Plus (4.5)
- 43–48 points (71–80%) – Good (4.0)
- 37–42 points (61–70%) – Satisfactory Plus (3.5)
- 31–36 points (51–60%) – Satisfactory (3.0)
- 0–30 points (0–50%) – Unsatisfactory (2.0)

SECOND EXAM ATTEMPT: For students who received a failing grade on the first attempt, the second attempt takes the form of an oral exam covering the material in the course syllabus (exam questions are drawn from an available pool). Students who did not take the exam on the first attempt will take the second attempt under the same conditions as the first (written exam). Exam structure for the second sitting:

Part A: Characterization of a philosophical concept (10 points) – The student draws one question from a pool concerning a selected philosopher.

Grading criteria:
- Precise presentation of fundamental concepts (0–5 points)
- Reconstruction of arguments and central assumptions (0–3 points)
- Historical context and influences (0–2 points)

Part B: Characterization of a philosophical school of thought (10 points) – The student draws one question from a pool concerning a selected philosophical school of thought.

Grading criteria:
- Precise presentation of the concept (0–5 points)
- Quality of the analysis of the issue (0–3 points)
- Identification of influence and philosophical context (0–2 points)

Part C: Short questions on basic terms / authors / works (5 points)
- 5 questions worth 1 point each – definitions of key terms and identification of authors and their major works. Duration of the second-attempt exam: 40 min

Grading scale for the second-attempt exam:
- 28–30 pts (91–100%) – very good (5.0)
- 25–27 pts (81–90%) – good plus (4.5)
- 22–24 pts (71–80%) – good (4.0)
- 19–21 pts (61–70%) – satisfactory plus (3.5)
- 16–18 pts (51–60%) – satisfactory (3.0)
- 0–15 pts (0–50%) – unsatisfactory (2.0)

For the tutorial classes: work with texts and active learning methods, such as guided discussion and group work. During the course, students will examine texts essential for understanding the transformations in contemporary philosophy. Working with the texts involves identifying key concepts associated with a specific philosophical movement or author, outlining the fundamental characteristics of the methodology employed, and—where appropriate—summarizing selected excerpts from the works under discussion.

To receive credit for the course, students must attend at least 12 classes (out of the 15 scheduled for the semester). Students with 11 or fewer attendances are ineligible to take the final assessment for the tutorials.

The final grade for the tutorials is based on two components:
1) Class participation and preparation (30 pts).
2) Grades from two written tests (40 pts). For criterion no. 1, a student may earn a maximum of 30 points across all substantive classes in the following areas:
(a) Preparation (familiarity with the assigned text) (0–1 point)
- 0 points: lack of familiarity with the text or failure to bring the text,
- 1 point: reading the text and becoming familiar with basic terminology and arguments.

(b) Participation in discussion and text analysis (0–3 points)
- 0 points: no participation or attendance on only one occasion,
- 1 point: expressing an opinion without formulating arguments,
- 2 points: formulating basic arguments with minor errors and without mastering technical terminology,
- 3 points: formulating elaborate and complete arguments while correctly using technical terminology.

(c) Quality of contributions and group work (0–2 points)
- 0 points: vague contributions or lack of participation in group work,
- 1 point: correct contributions, basic participation in group work,
- 2 points: substantive contributions, constructive participation in group work.

Over the course of the program (15 exercises), a student can earn a maximum of 30 points.

Regarding criterion no. 2, the student must pass TWO written tests. A maximum of 20 points can be earned on each test. The questions—comprising both closed-ended (50%, 10 points) and open-ended (50%, 10 points) formats—cover topics addressed in class and texts studied during the course. The open-ended questions require an analysis of source texts discussed in class; the student is expected to reconstruct and analyze the arguments found in selected texts (5 points) and define specific concepts (5 points). Grading scale for criteria nos. 1 and 2 (final grade for the practical classes):
- 64–70 points (91–100%) – very good (5.0)
- 57–63 points (81–90%) – good plus (4.5)
- 50–56 points (71–80%) – good (4.0)
- 43–49 points (61–70%) – satisfactory plus (3.5)
- 36–42 points (51–60%) – satisfactory (3.0)
- 0–35 points (0–50%) – unsatisfactory (2.0)

THE GRADE FOR THE PRACTICAL CLASSES TRANSLATES TO THE FIRST-SITTING EXAM AS FOLLOWS:

1. Achieving a final grade of 5.0 for the practical classes means the student receives an additional 6 points on the exam.
2. Achieving a final grade of 4.5 for the practical classes means the student receives an additional 4 points on the exam.
3. Achieving a final grade of 4.0 for the practical classes means the student receives an additional 2 points on the exam.
4. Achieving a grade of 3.0 or 3.5 has no impact on the score obtained on the exam.

DNC

Overwievs:

1. F. Copleston, "Historia filozofii", różne wydania.
2. W. Tatarkiewicz, "Historia filozofii", 3 tomy, różne wydanie.
3. J. Migasiński, "Filozofia nowożytna. Postacie / Idee / Problemy", Warszawa 2011.
4. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, online: https://plato.stanford.edu/

Primary literature:

1. "Filozofia włoskiego odrodzenia", Warszawa 1967, fragmenty.
2. F. Bacon, "Novum organum", tł. J. Wikarjak, Warszawa 1955, fragmenty.
3. N. Machiavelli, "Książę", różne wydania, fragmenty.
4. Kartezjusz, "Medytacje o filozofii pierwszej", różne wydania.
5. Kartezjusz, "Zasady filozofii", Warszawa 1960, fragmenty.
6. G.W. Leibniz, "Teodycea. O dobroci Boga, wolności człowieka i pochodzeniu zła", przeł. M. Frankiewicz, Warszawa 2001.
7. D. Hume, "Traktat o naturze ludzkiej", Warszawa 1951, s. 151-121.
8. D. Hume, "Badania dotyczące rozumu ludzkiego", Warszawa 1977, s. 33-38, 53-57.
9. J. Locke, "List o tolerancji", Warszawa 1963, fragmenty.
10. J.-J. Rousseau, "Rozprawa o nierówności", w: tenże, "Trzy rozprawy z filozofii społecznej, Warszawa 1956.
11. I. Kant, "Krytyka czystego rozumu", przeł. R. Ingarden, różne wydania, fragmenty.
12. G.W.F. Hegel, "Fenomenologia ducha", różne wydania, fragmenty.
13. G.W.F. Hegel, "Wykłady z historii filozofii", t. 1, Warszawa 1994, fragmenty.
14. A. Schopenhauer, "O wolności ludzkiej woli", rózne wydania, fragmenty.
15. S. Kierkegaard, "Bojaźń i drżenie", przeł. J. Iwaszkiewicz, Łódź 1972.
16. M. Stirner, "Jedyny i jego własność", Warszawa 1995, fragmenty.
17. B. Bolzano, "Podstawy logiki", Kęty 2010, fragmenty.
18. A. Comte, "Rozprawa o duchu filozofii pozytywnej. Rozprawa o całokształcie pozytywizmu", przekł. B. Skarga,
Warszawa 1973, s. 138-152.

Literatura przedmiotu:

1. T. Płużański, "Pascal", Warszawa 1974.
2. M. Maneli, "Machiavelli", Warszawa 1968.
3. "The Oxford Handbook of Descartes and Cartesianism", red. S. Nadler, T.M. Schmaltz, D. Antoine-Mahut, Oxford 2019.
4. T. Kroński, "Hegel", Warszawa 1966.
5. M. Żelazny, "Heglowska filzoofia ducha", Warszawa 2000.
6. M. Poręba, "Transcendentalna teoria świadomości. Próba rekonstrukcji semantycznej", Warszawa 1999.
7. W.V.O. Quine, "Dwa dogmaty empiryzmu", w: tenże, "Z punktu widzenia logiki. Dziewięć esejów logiczno-filozoficznych",
przeł. B. Stanosz, Warszawa 1996, s. 49-75.
8. "The Oxford Handbook of Schopenhauer", red. R.L. Wicks, Oxford 2020.
9. R.B. Brandom, "A Spirit of Trust. A Reading of Hegel's Phenomenology", Cambridge, London 2019.
10. G. Deleuze, "Nietzsche i filozofia", Łódź 2012.
11. J. Woleński, "Filozoficzna szkoła lwowsko-warszawska", Warszawa 1985.
12. D. Harvey, "Przewodnik po Kapitale Karola Marksa" T. I i II, Poznań 2018.
13. U. Kriegel, "Brentano's Philosopphical System: Mind, Being, Value", Oxford 2018.
14. "The Oxford Handbook of the History of Analytic Philosophy", Oxford 2013.

Information on level of this course, year of study and semester when the course unit is delivered, types and amount of class hours - can be found in course structure diagrams of apropriate study programmes. This course is related to the following study programmes:

• Philosophy - full-time first cycle studies

Additional information (registration calendar, class conductors, localization and schedules of classes), might be available in the USOSweb system:

• Description of WF-FI-N11-HF3 in USOSweb